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Evidence to Improve Care

Vaginal Birth After Caesarean (VBAC)

Care for People Who Have Had a Caesarean Birth and Are Planning Their Next Birth

Click below to see a list of brief quality statements and scroll down for more information.​​


Quality standards are sets of concise statements designed to help health care professionals easily and quickly know what care to provide, based on the best evidence. ​

See below for the quality statements and click for more detail.​


Quality Statement 1: Access to Vaginal Birth After Caesarean
People who have had a Caesarean birth before can plan a vaginal birth for their next birth, as long as there is no medical reason not to have one.


Quality Statement 2: Discussion After Caesarean Birth
After a Caesarean birth, people have a discussion with their physician or midwife and receive written information about the reasons for their Caesarean birth and their options for future births.


Quality Statement 3: Shared Decision-Making
Pregnant people who have had a previous Caesarean birth participate in shared decision-making with their physician or midwife. The discussion and planned mode of birth is documented in the perinatal record.


Quality Statement 4: Previous Vaginal Birth
Pregnant people who have had both a previous Caesarean birth and a previous vaginal birth are informed that they have a high likelihood of successful vaginal birth if no contraindication is present.


Quality Statement 5: Operative Reports and Incision Type
Physicians and midwives obtain an operative report from any previous Caesarean births whenever possible. Pregnant people who have had a previous Caesarean birth with an unknown type of uterine incision have an individualized assessment by their physician or midwife to determine the likelihood of a low transverse incision.


Quality Statement 6: Timely Access to Caesarean Birth
Pregnant people planning a vaginal birth after Caesarean are aware of the resources available and not available at their planned place of birth, including physician, midwifery, nursing, anesthesiology, and neonatal care, and the ability to provide timely access to Caesarean birth.


Quality Statement 7: Unplanned Labour
Pregnant people planning an elective repeat Caesarean section should have a documented discussion with their physician or midwife about the feasibility of vaginal birth after Caesarean if they go into unplanned labour. This discussion should take place during antenatal care and again if the person arrives at the hospital in labour.


Quality Statement 8: Induction and Augmentation of Labour
Pregnant people who have had a previous Caesarean birth are offered induction and/or oxytocin augmentation of labour when medically indicated, and are informed by their physician or midwife about the potential benefits and harms associated with the method proposed. Discussion about this should begin in the antenatal period.


Quality Statement 9: Signs and Symptoms of Uterine Rupture
During active labour, pregnant people who have had a previous Caesarean birth are closely monitored for signs or symptoms of uterine rupture.


4

Previous Vaginal Birth

Pregnant people who have had both a previous Caesarean birth and a previous vaginal birth are informed that they have a high likelihood of successful vaginal birth if no contraindication is present.


The strongest predictor of successful vaginal birth after Caesarean (VBAC) is a previous vaginal birth; in this scenario, the VBAC success rate is high—approximately 85% to 90%. Previous vaginal birth is also independently associated with a reduced risk of uterine rupture. Physicians and midwives should inform pregnant people who have had a previous Caesarean birth and a previous vaginal birth or VBAC that they have a high likelihood of VBAC success for the current pregnancy. Physicians and midwives should encourage planned VBAC if no contraindication is present because of the faster recovery time, lower risk of abnormal placentation with future pregnancies, and lower risk of harm from uterine rupture.

For Pregnant People

If you have had a vaginal birth before, you are very likely to have a successful vaginal birth after Caesarean, as long as there are no medical reasons to avoid one in this pregnancy.


For Clinicians

Inform pregnant people who have had both Caesarean and vaginal births, and who have no contraindications to vaginal birth in their current pregnancy, that they have a high likelihood of successful VBAC.


For Health Services

Ensure that processes and systems are in place to inform people who have had both Caesarean and vaginal births, and who have no contraindications to vaginal birth in their current pregnancy, that they have a high likelihood of successful VBAC.

Outcome Indicator

Percentage of pregnant people who have had a previous Caesarean birth and a previous vaginal birth, and who are planning a VBAC for their current pregnancy

  • Denominator: number of pregnant people who have had a previous Caesarean birth and a previous vaginal birth

  • Numerator: number of people in the denominator who are planning a VBAC for their current pregnancy

  • Data source: Better Outcomes Registry and Network


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